2009年3月27日星期五
2009年3月13日星期五
Types of stage lighting equipment
1.) PLANO CONVEX SPOTLIGHT
DESCRIPTION The PLANO-CONVEX (or PC) spotlight is the earliest form of theatre spotlight, to use a lens. It consists of a simple 'box' housing containing a lamp and reflector behind a plano-convex lens. Modern units range from 300 to 2000 watts. Lens diameters include 5", 6" and 8" wide. Beam spreads typically are variable from approximately 10 to 65 degrees in a single fixture.
This fixture provides a circular beam pattern with a sharply defined 'hard' outer edge. Unfortunately, the field of light, (distribution of light across the beam) is often quite uneven. Further, optical aberrations in the form of rainbow effects, are often seen at the edges of the beam.
The lamp and reflector are mounted together, and move forward or backwards, in relationship to the lens. As they move closer to the lens, the beam expands in size. As they move away from the lens, the beam becomes narrower
APPLICATIONS Plano-convex spotlights are useful in providing ACTING AREA lighting and localized lighting to specific areas of the stage. They have no beam controls (shutters, iris, barndoors) available.
2.)ELLIPSOIDAL REFLECTOR SPOTLIGHT
DESCRIPTION The ELLIPSOIDAL REFLECTOR spotlight, (sometimes known as the LEKO or LEKOLITE) is a common fixture for many stage lighting applications. The 'ER' as it is sometimes called is available from many different manufacturers and is available in a number of different sizes and beam spreads.
APPLICATIONS The ER spotlight provides a narrow, directional beam with a hard edge. It is able to provide a sharp focus of integral metal shutters, an iris or a metal projection template. The ability to project a metal etched pattern (template or gobo), makes this fixture particularly useful to the stage lighting designer
TYPES Modern ER spotlights have beam spreads of 5 to 50 degrees and are available in wattages of 500 - 2000 watts.
They are available in both fixed focal length and variable focal length (zoom) models. Standard focal lengths include 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 degrees, and many others in between. Generally, the adjustable focal length units are less efficient, heavier and more expensive than their fixed focal length counterparts. Some modern 'zoom' ER's however do perform very well and may indeed be the choice over comparable fixed focal length units.
3.)FRESNEL SPOTLIGHT
The FRESNEL SPOTLIGHT, (pronounced: 'fren-el') provides adjustable beam spreads, from SPOT to FLOOD, (about 15-70 deg.) all in one fixture. This fixture produces a directional beam with a very soft edge (only). Fresnels are used as an efficient means of providing ACTING AREA or COLOR WASH lighting.
Fresnels are considerably less expensive than comparable ellipsoidal reflector fixtures, however, they do not have the ability to project a pattern or produce a sharp beam cut-off edge, as does an ellipsoidal fixture. Fresnels are very similar in size and construction to their counterparts, the plano-convex spotlights, the only significant difference is one uses a fresnel lens, the other a PC lens.
A fresnel lens is easy to recognize from a series of concentric rings on it's surface. In addition, most fresnel lenses have a 'stipple' etched on the back side, to further soften the beam. The higher the wattage of the fixture, the heavier the fixture weight will be, due to the larger housing and lens diameter required to withstand the extra heat generated by the lamp.
APPLICATIONS
Fresnels are particularly useful in providing COLOR WASHES to acting areas or scenery. Typically, 27 fresnels might be arranged above the stage to illuminate 9 areas (with 3 fixtures each). Each area is said to have a 3 COLOR WASH. With dimmer control, and colored filters, it is possible to mix many different color combinations to each areaFresnel fixtures tend to 'flare' more than do ellipsoidal fixtures and as a result they are usually used with a barn door accessory, to help control unnecessary 'spill' light.
TYPES
Fresnels are generally available in wattages of 150 to 5000 watts, and come in lens diameters of 3, 6, 8, 10 and 12". The units most often used for the stage, include the 6" 1000 watt and the 8" 2000 watt fresnel.
4.)PAR64 SPOTLIGHT
DESCRIPTION
The PAR64 SPOTLIGHT (Parabolic Aluminized Reflector) fixtures, consist of a sealed beam lamp (like an automotive headlight), in a simple metal housing. PAR fixtures are highly efficient as the; reflector, filament and lens are all optically aligned and sealed into the lamp at the factory. The beam spread of PAR fixtures is determined by the design of the lamp, not by the design of the fixture.
PAR LAMPS are available in a number of different diameters and wattages. Typically PAR64 (1000 watt) lamps are used for stage and studio lighting applications. Smaller PAR lamps are used for display and architectural applications, and include the PAR56 and the PAR38.
APPLICATIONS
Where flare and a very soft beam edge is not a problem, these fixtures are particularly useful for ACTING AREA and WASH LIGHTING. They are also usually the fixture of choice for COLOR WASH and BACK LIGHTING for entertainment productions, again, where flare and spill are not a problem
TYPES
The most common PAR fixture used in the theatre industry is the PAR64-1K (1000 watts). The fixture is generally available in both steel and aluminum. Both black and chrome versions are available. The color frame for a PAR64 fixture is usually 10" x 10".
This fixture uses the PAR64 lamp. This lamp has an 8" diameter lens and comes in four different standard beam spreads, and several different voltages. This 1000 watt lamp is extremely efficient at producing light - more so than an equivalent 1000 watt ellipsoidal or fresnel fixture. The PAR64 has is the only spotlight that has an oval (not round) beam pattern. The PAR64 has a very soft beam edge and a high degree of beam 'flare' making it totally unsuitable for many lighting applications and very well suited to others.
5.) BEAM PROJECTOR SPOTLIGHT
DESCRIPTION
The BEAM PROJECTOR (or BEAM LIGHT), is similar to a fresnel fixture, without a lens. A typical Beam Light produces a very narrow intense beam of light with a very soft edge.
Beam lights range in wattage from 500 to 2000 watts and they typically have an open circular front (10-24" in dia.). They uses a parabolic reflector to provide a near parallel beam of light. In this respect, the beam light is not really a spotlight, instead, it is more of a searchlight
APPLICATIONS
Where a near parallel, intense beam of light is need, the beam projector is the fixture of choice. Designers find this fixture useful to simulate sunlight, moonlight and to provide strong motivated beams of light. The edge of the beam light is generally round, but has a very soft edge.
Beam lights are also sometimes used as follow spots, due to their tight, near parallel beams. They can be excellent for this application and sometimes are mounted directly behind the prosecenium arch in a 'perch' or 'tormentor'position.
6.) FOLLOWSPOT SPOTLIGHT
DESCRIPTION
The FOLLOW SPOT is simply a narrow spotlight, used to 'follow' or to spotlight a performer on a stage. The follow spot usually consists of a 'movable', high power fixture mounted on a stand, with an attendant operator. Typical mounting distances range from 25 to 250 feet.Modern followspot fixtures, usually consist of a cylindrical housing, 4-6 feet in length, mounted on a telescopic stand with castered legs. They are usually fitted with a manual iris and a color filter changer. Usually a followspot is designed to provide a 'hard' beam edge. Controls often exist, to 'soften' the beam edge, when required.
APPLICATIONS
Designers typically use the followspot fixture to provide HIGHLIGHTS to a performer or a group of performers. Modern musicals, operas, and other large productions, may frequently use from 2 to 12 followspots or more.
Followspots are traditionally mounted 'as high as possible' at the rear of an auditorium, so as to 'front light' the actors. Followspots are also gaining increased use in a 'bridge' position, above the stage, providing a steep' front, back or side light to the performer.
TYPES
Today, follow spotlights are available that use either incandescent or HID (discharge) type of lamps. They are manufactured for; short, medium and long throw applications and usually are mounted on stands. Various arc lamps used include: CIS, HID and Xenon. They come with color changers and usually have an iris and sometimes a dowser. Beam spreads are very narrow and typically range from approximately 1 to 10 degrees. Followspots range in size from the small 600 watt model suitable for community theatre to the giant 2500 watt "Strong Super Trouper" used in large arena events.
6.) FLOODLIGHTS
DESCRIPTION
FLOODLIGHT fixtures, (Scoops and Box Floods) are the simplest of all stage lighting fixtures, consisting simply of an enclosed light source in a box with one open side. Floods are designed to provide a wide, even distribution of light, over a large area. Typical beam spreads range from 70-150 degrees. Most units come with a fixed 'beam spread' however a few units are adjustable between 'flood' and 'wide flood'. Typical wattages range from 500 to 1500 watts. Floodlights do not use lenses, however some may have a clear protective safety glass. The 'scoop' is really just a streamlined box flood, usually with similar lighting characteristics.
THE BOX FLOOD
The single unit box flood has been a standard stage lighting fixture for many 100's of years and was probably the first actual stage lighting fixture. First using oil or candles, then gas and now the electric filament lamp, this simple flood light is still the most basic of all lighting instruments. The design of the box floodlight has changed little over the years however, the modern box flood now uses an internal reflector, for greater efficiency.
APPLICATIONS
Floodlight fixtures are particularly well suited for lighting backdrops and sky cloths. Typically, a continuous row of floodlights is arranged above and parallel to the backdrop, at a distance of 3-10 feet away. For additional interest and impact, a row of fixtures may be also used to 'bottom light' the drop, from the floor.
Floodlights are also sometimes used for the lighting of scenery or to provide large area WASHES. Less often they are used for toning and blending. Floodlights are typically used in every theatre as 'work lights'.
TYPES
Individual fixtures are commonly available in both SCOOP (round, open front) and BOX FLOOD (square or rectangular, open front) designs. Few manufacturers now make the scoop, preferring to offer the more sophisticated box flood instead.
The BOX FLOOD is available, either as a single unit, or as a 'ganged', or multiple unit of 2, 3 or 4 compartments, usually connected, end to end. This type of fixture is used to provide a 1-4 color wash to backdrops and large areas of scenery.
Box Flood fixtures are available with either a SYMMETRICAL or ASYMMETRICAL reflector design. The SYMMETRICAL type, (standard) provides regular square law illumination. That is, if the fixture is placed on the floor at a distance of 4', from a backdrop, the bottom of the drop will be much 'brighter than the top, (say 25 feet away). A fixture with an ASYMMETRICAL reflector, will 'push' more light to the top of the drop, and provide less to the bottom. The visual result being, more even overall illumination. The fixture type and mounting distance must be carefully selected, to provided the required distribution of light and visual effect.
DESCRIPTION The PLANO-CONVEX (or PC) spotlight is the earliest form of theatre spotlight, to use a lens. It consists of a simple 'box' housing containing a lamp and reflector behind a plano-convex lens. Modern units range from 300 to 2000 watts. Lens diameters include 5", 6" and 8" wide. Beam spreads typically are variable from approximately 10 to 65 degrees in a single fixture.
This fixture provides a circular beam pattern with a sharply defined 'hard' outer edge. Unfortunately, the field of light, (distribution of light across the beam) is often quite uneven. Further, optical aberrations in the form of rainbow effects, are often seen at the edges of the beam.
The lamp and reflector are mounted together, and move forward or backwards, in relationship to the lens. As they move closer to the lens, the beam expands in size. As they move away from the lens, the beam becomes narrower
APPLICATIONS Plano-convex spotlights are useful in providing ACTING AREA lighting and localized lighting to specific areas of the stage. They have no beam controls (shutters, iris, barndoors) available.
2.)ELLIPSOIDAL REFLECTOR SPOTLIGHT
DESCRIPTION The ELLIPSOIDAL REFLECTOR spotlight, (sometimes known as the LEKO or LEKOLITE) is a common fixture for many stage lighting applications. The 'ER' as it is sometimes called is available from many different manufacturers and is available in a number of different sizes and beam spreads.
APPLICATIONS The ER spotlight provides a narrow, directional beam with a hard edge. It is able to provide a sharp focus of integral metal shutters, an iris or a metal projection template. The ability to project a metal etched pattern (template or gobo), makes this fixture particularly useful to the stage lighting designer
TYPES Modern ER spotlights have beam spreads of 5 to 50 degrees and are available in wattages of 500 - 2000 watts.
They are available in both fixed focal length and variable focal length (zoom) models. Standard focal lengths include 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 degrees, and many others in between. Generally, the adjustable focal length units are less efficient, heavier and more expensive than their fixed focal length counterparts. Some modern 'zoom' ER's however do perform very well and may indeed be the choice over comparable fixed focal length units.
3.)FRESNEL SPOTLIGHT
The FRESNEL SPOTLIGHT, (pronounced: 'fren-el') provides adjustable beam spreads, from SPOT to FLOOD, (about 15-70 deg.) all in one fixture. This fixture produces a directional beam with a very soft edge (only). Fresnels are used as an efficient means of providing ACTING AREA or COLOR WASH lighting.
Fresnels are considerably less expensive than comparable ellipsoidal reflector fixtures, however, they do not have the ability to project a pattern or produce a sharp beam cut-off edge, as does an ellipsoidal fixture. Fresnels are very similar in size and construction to their counterparts, the plano-convex spotlights, the only significant difference is one uses a fresnel lens, the other a PC lens.
A fresnel lens is easy to recognize from a series of concentric rings on it's surface. In addition, most fresnel lenses have a 'stipple' etched on the back side, to further soften the beam. The higher the wattage of the fixture, the heavier the fixture weight will be, due to the larger housing and lens diameter required to withstand the extra heat generated by the lamp.
APPLICATIONS
Fresnels are particularly useful in providing COLOR WASHES to acting areas or scenery. Typically, 27 fresnels might be arranged above the stage to illuminate 9 areas (with 3 fixtures each). Each area is said to have a 3 COLOR WASH. With dimmer control, and colored filters, it is possible to mix many different color combinations to each areaFresnel fixtures tend to 'flare' more than do ellipsoidal fixtures and as a result they are usually used with a barn door accessory, to help control unnecessary 'spill' light.
TYPES
Fresnels are generally available in wattages of 150 to 5000 watts, and come in lens diameters of 3, 6, 8, 10 and 12". The units most often used for the stage, include the 6" 1000 watt and the 8" 2000 watt fresnel.
4.)PAR64 SPOTLIGHT
DESCRIPTION
The PAR64 SPOTLIGHT (Parabolic Aluminized Reflector) fixtures, consist of a sealed beam lamp (like an automotive headlight), in a simple metal housing. PAR fixtures are highly efficient as the; reflector, filament and lens are all optically aligned and sealed into the lamp at the factory. The beam spread of PAR fixtures is determined by the design of the lamp, not by the design of the fixture.
PAR LAMPS are available in a number of different diameters and wattages. Typically PAR64 (1000 watt) lamps are used for stage and studio lighting applications. Smaller PAR lamps are used for display and architectural applications, and include the PAR56 and the PAR38.
APPLICATIONS
Where flare and a very soft beam edge is not a problem, these fixtures are particularly useful for ACTING AREA and WASH LIGHTING. They are also usually the fixture of choice for COLOR WASH and BACK LIGHTING for entertainment productions, again, where flare and spill are not a problem
TYPES
The most common PAR fixture used in the theatre industry is the PAR64-1K (1000 watts). The fixture is generally available in both steel and aluminum. Both black and chrome versions are available. The color frame for a PAR64 fixture is usually 10" x 10".
This fixture uses the PAR64 lamp. This lamp has an 8" diameter lens and comes in four different standard beam spreads, and several different voltages. This 1000 watt lamp is extremely efficient at producing light - more so than an equivalent 1000 watt ellipsoidal or fresnel fixture. The PAR64 has is the only spotlight that has an oval (not round) beam pattern. The PAR64 has a very soft beam edge and a high degree of beam 'flare' making it totally unsuitable for many lighting applications and very well suited to others.
5.) BEAM PROJECTOR SPOTLIGHT
DESCRIPTION
The BEAM PROJECTOR (or BEAM LIGHT), is similar to a fresnel fixture, without a lens. A typical Beam Light produces a very narrow intense beam of light with a very soft edge.
Beam lights range in wattage from 500 to 2000 watts and they typically have an open circular front (10-24" in dia.). They uses a parabolic reflector to provide a near parallel beam of light. In this respect, the beam light is not really a spotlight, instead, it is more of a searchlight
APPLICATIONS
Where a near parallel, intense beam of light is need, the beam projector is the fixture of choice. Designers find this fixture useful to simulate sunlight, moonlight and to provide strong motivated beams of light. The edge of the beam light is generally round, but has a very soft edge.
Beam lights are also sometimes used as follow spots, due to their tight, near parallel beams. They can be excellent for this application and sometimes are mounted directly behind the prosecenium arch in a 'perch' or 'tormentor'position.
6.) FOLLOWSPOT SPOTLIGHT
DESCRIPTION
The FOLLOW SPOT is simply a narrow spotlight, used to 'follow' or to spotlight a performer on a stage. The follow spot usually consists of a 'movable', high power fixture mounted on a stand, with an attendant operator. Typical mounting distances range from 25 to 250 feet.Modern followspot fixtures, usually consist of a cylindrical housing, 4-6 feet in length, mounted on a telescopic stand with castered legs. They are usually fitted with a manual iris and a color filter changer. Usually a followspot is designed to provide a 'hard' beam edge. Controls often exist, to 'soften' the beam edge, when required.
APPLICATIONS
Designers typically use the followspot fixture to provide HIGHLIGHTS to a performer or a group of performers. Modern musicals, operas, and other large productions, may frequently use from 2 to 12 followspots or more.
Followspots are traditionally mounted 'as high as possible' at the rear of an auditorium, so as to 'front light' the actors. Followspots are also gaining increased use in a 'bridge' position, above the stage, providing a steep' front, back or side light to the performer.
TYPES
Today, follow spotlights are available that use either incandescent or HID (discharge) type of lamps. They are manufactured for; short, medium and long throw applications and usually are mounted on stands. Various arc lamps used include: CIS, HID and Xenon. They come with color changers and usually have an iris and sometimes a dowser. Beam spreads are very narrow and typically range from approximately 1 to 10 degrees. Followspots range in size from the small 600 watt model suitable for community theatre to the giant 2500 watt "Strong Super Trouper" used in large arena events.
6.) FLOODLIGHTS
DESCRIPTION
FLOODLIGHT fixtures, (Scoops and Box Floods) are the simplest of all stage lighting fixtures, consisting simply of an enclosed light source in a box with one open side. Floods are designed to provide a wide, even distribution of light, over a large area. Typical beam spreads range from 70-150 degrees. Most units come with a fixed 'beam spread' however a few units are adjustable between 'flood' and 'wide flood'. Typical wattages range from 500 to 1500 watts. Floodlights do not use lenses, however some may have a clear protective safety glass. The 'scoop' is really just a streamlined box flood, usually with similar lighting characteristics.
THE BOX FLOOD
The single unit box flood has been a standard stage lighting fixture for many 100's of years and was probably the first actual stage lighting fixture. First using oil or candles, then gas and now the electric filament lamp, this simple flood light is still the most basic of all lighting instruments. The design of the box floodlight has changed little over the years however, the modern box flood now uses an internal reflector, for greater efficiency.
APPLICATIONS
Floodlight fixtures are particularly well suited for lighting backdrops and sky cloths. Typically, a continuous row of floodlights is arranged above and parallel to the backdrop, at a distance of 3-10 feet away. For additional interest and impact, a row of fixtures may be also used to 'bottom light' the drop, from the floor.
Floodlights are also sometimes used for the lighting of scenery or to provide large area WASHES. Less often they are used for toning and blending. Floodlights are typically used in every theatre as 'work lights'.
TYPES
Individual fixtures are commonly available in both SCOOP (round, open front) and BOX FLOOD (square or rectangular, open front) designs. Few manufacturers now make the scoop, preferring to offer the more sophisticated box flood instead.
The BOX FLOOD is available, either as a single unit, or as a 'ganged', or multiple unit of 2, 3 or 4 compartments, usually connected, end to end. This type of fixture is used to provide a 1-4 color wash to backdrops and large areas of scenery.
Box Flood fixtures are available with either a SYMMETRICAL or ASYMMETRICAL reflector design. The SYMMETRICAL type, (standard) provides regular square law illumination. That is, if the fixture is placed on the floor at a distance of 4', from a backdrop, the bottom of the drop will be much 'brighter than the top, (say 25 feet away). A fixture with an ASYMMETRICAL reflector, will 'push' more light to the top of the drop, and provide less to the bottom. The visual result being, more even overall illumination. The fixture type and mounting distance must be carefully selected, to provided the required distribution of light and visual effect.
SPOTLIGHT FIXTURES &FLOODLIGHT FIXTURES
SPOTLIGHT FIXTURES
Spotlight fixtures include the PLANO CONVEX, ELLIPSOIDAL REFLECTOR, FRESNEL, PAR LAMP, BEAM PROJECTOR and FOLLOWSPOT. These fixtures are used to provide a narrow and controlled beam of localized light, to the stage. All spotlight fixtures have one or more lenses and are generally available in beam spreads of approximately 5 to 70 degrees.
Designers use spotlight fixtures for AREA and WASH lighting applications, at distances of 15-150 ft. Designers will often provide a series of 'tight', circular pools of light, to each acting area, approximately, 8' to 20' wide (depending on the application). A single acting area will usually consists of 1 to 6 fixtures positioned as; front, back, side or down lights.
FLOODLIGHT FIXTURES
Floodlight fixtures include; SCOOPS, BOX FLOODS and STRIPLIGHTS. These fixtures provide a WIDE distribution of light over a broad area and are primarily used to light backdrops and scenery at close distances of from 3 to 25 feet. Almost all floodlight fixtures are lensless. The exceptions are flood PAR/R lamps that have either spread lenses or diffusion applied to the bulb. Floodlight fixtures generally have fixed beam spreads of 70-150 degrees.
Spotlight fixtures include the PLANO CONVEX, ELLIPSOIDAL REFLECTOR, FRESNEL, PAR LAMP, BEAM PROJECTOR and FOLLOWSPOT. These fixtures are used to provide a narrow and controlled beam of localized light, to the stage. All spotlight fixtures have one or more lenses and are generally available in beam spreads of approximately 5 to 70 degrees.
Designers use spotlight fixtures for AREA and WASH lighting applications, at distances of 15-150 ft. Designers will often provide a series of 'tight', circular pools of light, to each acting area, approximately, 8' to 20' wide (depending on the application). A single acting area will usually consists of 1 to 6 fixtures positioned as; front, back, side or down lights.
FLOODLIGHT FIXTURES
Floodlight fixtures include; SCOOPS, BOX FLOODS and STRIPLIGHTS. These fixtures provide a WIDE distribution of light over a broad area and are primarily used to light backdrops and scenery at close distances of from 3 to 25 feet. Almost all floodlight fixtures are lensless. The exceptions are flood PAR/R lamps that have either spread lenses or diffusion applied to the bulb. Floodlight fixtures generally have fixed beam spreads of 70-150 degrees.
Stage Lighting Fixtures
Luminaires designed for stage, television and film lighting applications fall into two (2) main categories; SPOTLIGHTS and FLOODLIGHTS. A third specialized category includes PROJECTORS and special lighting effects. Fixtures are typically designed to be mounted from overhead pipes, from vertical pipes or from floor stands. In this respect all fixtures incorporate a mounting yoke and usually a pipe ('C') clamp. The yoke and clamp allow the fixture to pan, tilt or rotate into any position and then securely lock in place. All types are fitted with color frame clips to accept a square metal (or cardboard) 'color frame'. The color frame clips often accept other accessories including, barn doors, top hats, donuts and color wheels.
Stage lighting fixtures range in wattage from about 300 watts to over 10,000 watts in size and capacity. Common fixtures used for stage, film and television have wattages of 300, 500, 575, 600, 750, 1000, 1200, 1500, 2000, 5000, and 10,000 watts. The wattage required depends on the amount of light needed at a specific distance and the particular characteristics of the fixture itself. Needless to say, the larger the wattage, usually the larger the fixture. In the display lighting field for example, miniature fixtures may range from 50 to 300 watts. Fixtures used for theatre lighting usually range from 500 to 2000 watts, and television and film lighting frequently employs fixtures of 1000 to 10,000 watts (or more).
Most modern stage lighting fixtures still use incandescent (or electric filament) lamps, in order to provide a completely 'dimmable' source. Specifically it is the tungsten halogen lamp that is used almost exclusively for stage lighting applications. This type of lamp actually has a 'self cleaning' cycle whereby the tungsten that normally blackens the outer glass bulb is redeposited back onto the filament, resulting in a more consistent light output over the life of the lamp.
Stage lighting luminaires (and lamps) are available for either 120 volt, or 240 volt lamps operation from about 12 major manufacturers, world wide. The incandescent lamp however is largely inefficient, using most of its energy to produce heat, not light. New more efficient lamp sources are slowly being introduced to stage lighting, using discharge and other lamp technology, however inherent dimming and re-strike problems still exist with these sources.
HID and fluorescent lamps, although seldom used for theatre lighting applications, are now commonly being used for film and television lighting. These sources are much more efficient than the electric filament lamp and produce much higher 'lumen per watt' outputs. The use of HID and other ARC LAMPS for stage lighting however is slowly starting to develop. New automated luminaires of the future will use sophisticated new sources and will be capable of producing any color or pattern, upon demand (software based). Many of today's automated lighting fixtures do use arc lamp capable of excellent dimming through mechanical means. (Most fixtures are still quite noisy due to lamp cooling requirements).
Stage lighting fixtures range in wattage from about 300 watts to over 10,000 watts in size and capacity. Common fixtures used for stage, film and television have wattages of 300, 500, 575, 600, 750, 1000, 1200, 1500, 2000, 5000, and 10,000 watts. The wattage required depends on the amount of light needed at a specific distance and the particular characteristics of the fixture itself. Needless to say, the larger the wattage, usually the larger the fixture. In the display lighting field for example, miniature fixtures may range from 50 to 300 watts. Fixtures used for theatre lighting usually range from 500 to 2000 watts, and television and film lighting frequently employs fixtures of 1000 to 10,000 watts (or more).
Most modern stage lighting fixtures still use incandescent (or electric filament) lamps, in order to provide a completely 'dimmable' source. Specifically it is the tungsten halogen lamp that is used almost exclusively for stage lighting applications. This type of lamp actually has a 'self cleaning' cycle whereby the tungsten that normally blackens the outer glass bulb is redeposited back onto the filament, resulting in a more consistent light output over the life of the lamp.
Stage lighting luminaires (and lamps) are available for either 120 volt, or 240 volt lamps operation from about 12 major manufacturers, world wide. The incandescent lamp however is largely inefficient, using most of its energy to produce heat, not light. New more efficient lamp sources are slowly being introduced to stage lighting, using discharge and other lamp technology, however inherent dimming and re-strike problems still exist with these sources.
HID and fluorescent lamps, although seldom used for theatre lighting applications, are now commonly being used for film and television lighting. These sources are much more efficient than the electric filament lamp and produce much higher 'lumen per watt' outputs. The use of HID and other ARC LAMPS for stage lighting however is slowly starting to develop. New automated luminaires of the future will use sophisticated new sources and will be capable of producing any color or pattern, upon demand (software based). Many of today's automated lighting fixtures do use arc lamp capable of excellent dimming through mechanical means. (Most fixtures are still quite noisy due to lamp cooling requirements).
2009年2月18日星期三
about LD2000
PANGOLIN LASER SYSTEMS - LASER LIGHT SHOW SOFTWARE
Pangolin LD2000 Professional Laser Software
There are three versions of Pangolin Lasershow Designer 2000. Each includes a QM2000 hardware board, a 50-page illustrated manual, and an Installation CD with programs, help files, clipart frames, free shows and even royalty-free music.
Here are brief descriptions of the three Pangolin Lasershow Designer levels:
LD2000 Professional is the top version, for those doing laser shows full-time. It includes all features, including the ability to create 3D objects. When making a show, you can have up to 32 objects (tracks) simultaneously. A Pangolin Lasershow Designer LD2000 Pro system can create a show for a total of 32 projectors, in the same computer or over an Ethernet network.
LD2000 Basic is mid-level. You can make flat, 2D drawings but not 3D objects. The abstract generator has two oscillators, instead of Pro's three. When making a show, there are 16 tracks available. A Pangolin Lasershow Designer LD2000 Basic can create a show for a total of two projectors, or it can playback shows with up to 32 projectors in the same computer or over an Ethernet network.
LD2000 Intro is the lowest-cost, yet it still has a lot of power. You can create frames and shows with Intro. However, the frames will be flat (2D), the Abstract Generator has only one oscillator. When making a show, you can only work with 3 tracks, and there are fewer effects such as morphing. Still, for many simple uses, Intro is more than capable of doing high-quality shows. A Pangolin Lasershow Designer LD2000 Intro system can create a show for one projector, but it can still playback shows created with LD2000 Basic or Professional with up to 20 projectors. Intro systems are often used as "slaves" for Pro or Basic systems running multiple scanner heads. Intro systems also are ideal for playback-only applications, since they can play back any show created on any version: Pro, Basic or Intro.
Differences between Pangolin Lasershow Designer Pro, Basic and Intro
All three versions can playback any LD2000 show, with full effects. This means that even LD2000 Intro can play an LD2000 Pro show, with all of its advanced features. Thus, if you just want to play back shows, your best buy is LD2000 Intro.
Not only can you play back shows, but you can edit them. For example, you could replace the show's logo with your own. However, you can only use the editing features available in the particular program. This means that in Intro, you can edit just the first three tracks of a show. In Intro and Basic, you can edit a frame's X and Y coordinates, but not the Z coordinates (since these programs are 2D only). So if you need extensive editing of a show, consider Pro or Basic instead of Intro.
All three versions act as "slaves" for each other, in a multi-scanner projector. For example, you can put a Pro and Intro into a computer; the Intro will act as a slave to the Pro (including all Pro tracks and features) so you can run a two-scanner-head show.
Pangolin Lasershow Designer LD2000 Professional
Features: 32 Track Animated 3D graphics, 3 OSC banks, 3d and 2D tools, Warping and mapping, Fans, Beams, Digital Lissajous, and Multi-font Text, ILDA export.
Pangolin Lasershow Designer LD2000 Basic
Graphics Software & DAC Board.
Features: 16 Track Animated 2D graphics, 2 OSC banks, Fans, Beams, Digital Lissajous, and Multi-font Text.
Pangolin Lasershow Designer LD2000 Intro
Graphics Software & DAC Board.
Features: 3 Track Animated 2D graphics, 1 OSC bank, Fans, Beams, Digital Lissajous, and Multi-font Text.
Other Options
We offer a BOOK SIZE computer fro use with this software.
Contact us for additional Pangolin products.
Pangolin LD2000 Professional Laser Software
There are three versions of Pangolin Lasershow Designer 2000. Each includes a QM2000 hardware board, a 50-page illustrated manual, and an Installation CD with programs, help files, clipart frames, free shows and even royalty-free music.
Here are brief descriptions of the three Pangolin Lasershow Designer levels:
LD2000 Professional is the top version, for those doing laser shows full-time. It includes all features, including the ability to create 3D objects. When making a show, you can have up to 32 objects (tracks) simultaneously. A Pangolin Lasershow Designer LD2000 Pro system can create a show for a total of 32 projectors, in the same computer or over an Ethernet network.
LD2000 Basic is mid-level. You can make flat, 2D drawings but not 3D objects. The abstract generator has two oscillators, instead of Pro's three. When making a show, there are 16 tracks available. A Pangolin Lasershow Designer LD2000 Basic can create a show for a total of two projectors, or it can playback shows with up to 32 projectors in the same computer or over an Ethernet network.
LD2000 Intro is the lowest-cost, yet it still has a lot of power. You can create frames and shows with Intro. However, the frames will be flat (2D), the Abstract Generator has only one oscillator. When making a show, you can only work with 3 tracks, and there are fewer effects such as morphing. Still, for many simple uses, Intro is more than capable of doing high-quality shows. A Pangolin Lasershow Designer LD2000 Intro system can create a show for one projector, but it can still playback shows created with LD2000 Basic or Professional with up to 20 projectors. Intro systems are often used as "slaves" for Pro or Basic systems running multiple scanner heads. Intro systems also are ideal for playback-only applications, since they can play back any show created on any version: Pro, Basic or Intro.
Differences between Pangolin Lasershow Designer Pro, Basic and Intro
All three versions can playback any LD2000 show, with full effects. This means that even LD2000 Intro can play an LD2000 Pro show, with all of its advanced features. Thus, if you just want to play back shows, your best buy is LD2000 Intro.
Not only can you play back shows, but you can edit them. For example, you could replace the show's logo with your own. However, you can only use the editing features available in the particular program. This means that in Intro, you can edit just the first three tracks of a show. In Intro and Basic, you can edit a frame's X and Y coordinates, but not the Z coordinates (since these programs are 2D only). So if you need extensive editing of a show, consider Pro or Basic instead of Intro.
All three versions act as "slaves" for each other, in a multi-scanner projector. For example, you can put a Pro and Intro into a computer; the Intro will act as a slave to the Pro (including all Pro tracks and features) so you can run a two-scanner-head show.
Pangolin Lasershow Designer LD2000 Professional
Features: 32 Track Animated 3D graphics, 3 OSC banks, 3d and 2D tools, Warping and mapping, Fans, Beams, Digital Lissajous, and Multi-font Text, ILDA export.
Pangolin Lasershow Designer LD2000 Basic
Graphics Software & DAC Board.
Features: 16 Track Animated 2D graphics, 2 OSC banks, Fans, Beams, Digital Lissajous, and Multi-font Text.
Pangolin Lasershow Designer LD2000 Intro
Graphics Software & DAC Board.
Features: 3 Track Animated 2D graphics, 1 OSC bank, Fans, Beams, Digital Lissajous, and Multi-font Text.
Other Options
We offer a BOOK SIZE computer fro use with this software.
Contact us for additional Pangolin products.
2009年2月7日星期六
style of lighting
Ambient Lighting
Ambient lighting is important in any space, meant to provide overall lighting coverage to a level that allows good human visibility. This type of lighting will generally be mounted on the exterior sides of your home, on light poles or out building structures and keeps you from, for instance, tripping over shrubberies when you go outdoors after dark!
Down Lighting
This light source is placed above any object or area desirable to enhance, such that a flood of light will be cast down onto the object or area. Normally, down lighting is intended to highlight a feature such as a sculpture, fountain or other outdoor decoration. It is also used for security purposes.
Up Lighting & Shadow Lighting
Up lights are used to highlight objects from below and are usually installed at ground level. Shadow lighting is used in front and below a plant or tree to cast dramatic patterns of light and shadow on a nearby wall.
Diffused Lighting
Creates a low intensity light level to highlight plants, shrubbery, or flower beds. It is diffused in order to spread light across a wide area.
Spot Lighting
Spot lights provide a beam of light to highlight and enhance a specific area or decorative element in the landscaping. Spot lighting is also very useful to enhance ambient light levels in areas like decks or stairs for better night time vision.
Moon Lighting
Like down lighting, moon lighting simply places the light source at an extremely high level, often in a tree or roof gable, to simulate the effect of moonlight shining down on your landscaping.
Lighting technology has also improved greatly in recent years. You can now get LED or solar lights that help to save energy, as well as intricate exterior lighting timers and dimmers to set your outdoor lighting levels for various settings and purposes; a setting for parties, one for romantic mood lighting, etc.
We have detailed a few examples of the outdoor lighting types and models you may want to explore further:
Exterior Metallic Wall Sconces
Mounted on exterior walls, these fixtures are available in a variety of materials such as aluminum, brass, copper and stainless steel. These will provide nice overall ambient lighting and, unlike some fixtures, can provide a nice decorative look to your home’s exterior during daylight too!
Outdoor Wall Lanterns
Typically used near a home’s exterior doors, these fixtures put the light on the ground beneath them and not wastefully up into the night sky or your neighbor’s yard. Available in a wide variety of designs, styles and finishes, you can spend a little or a lot depending on the overall quality, design and materials used.
LED Lighting
Recently, the use of LED technology outdoors has become popular and allows for low maintenance, with average lifespan of between 50,000 and 100,000 hours. LED lights use very little energy compared to their light output, which makes them quite economical. LED is also a very cool light source.
Low Voltage Landscape Lighting
Low voltage lighting fixtures are used to illuminate landscaping features, pathways and other areas that need diffused illumination. This will accentuate your landscape design for outdoor enjoyment and visually extend your home’s interior space at night.
Post Mount Lighting
If you really want to go all out with your exterior lighting design, these will give your yard or garden the feel of a city park and provide excellent ambient and down lighting.
Outdoor Hanging Light
Perfect for use in porches, gazebos and other outdoor covered spaced, hanging lamps add excellent ambient lighting to these commonly used gathering areas.
Motion Detectors
Excellent for security purposes and also improved energy efficiency in areas like driveways, a motion detector enables outdoor lighting fixtures to remain off until motion is sensed in the area the light covers.
Ambient lighting is important in any space, meant to provide overall lighting coverage to a level that allows good human visibility. This type of lighting will generally be mounted on the exterior sides of your home, on light poles or out building structures and keeps you from, for instance, tripping over shrubberies when you go outdoors after dark!
Down Lighting
This light source is placed above any object or area desirable to enhance, such that a flood of light will be cast down onto the object or area. Normally, down lighting is intended to highlight a feature such as a sculpture, fountain or other outdoor decoration. It is also used for security purposes.
Up Lighting & Shadow Lighting
Up lights are used to highlight objects from below and are usually installed at ground level. Shadow lighting is used in front and below a plant or tree to cast dramatic patterns of light and shadow on a nearby wall.
Diffused Lighting
Creates a low intensity light level to highlight plants, shrubbery, or flower beds. It is diffused in order to spread light across a wide area.
Spot Lighting
Spot lights provide a beam of light to highlight and enhance a specific area or decorative element in the landscaping. Spot lighting is also very useful to enhance ambient light levels in areas like decks or stairs for better night time vision.
Moon Lighting
Like down lighting, moon lighting simply places the light source at an extremely high level, often in a tree or roof gable, to simulate the effect of moonlight shining down on your landscaping.
Lighting technology has also improved greatly in recent years. You can now get LED or solar lights that help to save energy, as well as intricate exterior lighting timers and dimmers to set your outdoor lighting levels for various settings and purposes; a setting for parties, one for romantic mood lighting, etc.
We have detailed a few examples of the outdoor lighting types and models you may want to explore further:
Exterior Metallic Wall Sconces
Mounted on exterior walls, these fixtures are available in a variety of materials such as aluminum, brass, copper and stainless steel. These will provide nice overall ambient lighting and, unlike some fixtures, can provide a nice decorative look to your home’s exterior during daylight too!
Outdoor Wall Lanterns
Typically used near a home’s exterior doors, these fixtures put the light on the ground beneath them and not wastefully up into the night sky or your neighbor’s yard. Available in a wide variety of designs, styles and finishes, you can spend a little or a lot depending on the overall quality, design and materials used.
LED Lighting
Recently, the use of LED technology outdoors has become popular and allows for low maintenance, with average lifespan of between 50,000 and 100,000 hours. LED lights use very little energy compared to their light output, which makes them quite economical. LED is also a very cool light source.
Low Voltage Landscape Lighting
Low voltage lighting fixtures are used to illuminate landscaping features, pathways and other areas that need diffused illumination. This will accentuate your landscape design for outdoor enjoyment and visually extend your home’s interior space at night.
Post Mount Lighting
If you really want to go all out with your exterior lighting design, these will give your yard or garden the feel of a city park and provide excellent ambient and down lighting.
Outdoor Hanging Light
Perfect for use in porches, gazebos and other outdoor covered spaced, hanging lamps add excellent ambient lighting to these commonly used gathering areas.
Motion Detectors
Excellent for security purposes and also improved energy efficiency in areas like driveways, a motion detector enables outdoor lighting fixtures to remain off until motion is sensed in the area the light covers.
2009年1月19日星期一
Wholehog 3
The Wholehog 3 represents the contemporary evolution of a world-renowned lighting console legacy. It has a refined and sophisticated presence that’s unmistakable: the unique silhouette, precision-machined aluminum and sleek blue anodized finish. Sophisticated engineering and well established control surfaces ensure a creative programming experience. With the perfect blend of style and function, the Wholehog 3 console stands at the top of the Wholehog line as a leader for all types of productions.
For supreme scalability, the console provides two monitor outputs, keyboard and mouse ports, MIDI input and output ports, two USB ports, Fast Ethernet on a rugged Neutrik Ethercon connector, and speakers with stereo audio output. You抮e prepared for everything from the smallest industrial job to the largest stadium show, theme park installation or Broadway spectacular.
Preserve show data on a built-in shock-mounted hard disk with CD-ROM drive and Zip disk drive neatly tucked away under the armrest.
Features
Robust Wholehog Operating Software
Unlimited number of simultaneous crossfades
Two internal 12-inch high-brightness color touchscreens
Two external monitors or touchscreens supported
Backlit trackball with four configurable buttons for cursor and position control
Ten playback faders with familiar playback controls
(Choose, Go, Pause, & Flash)
Dedicated Intensity and Rate wheels
36 Soft-Keys for quick toolbar selections
Hog-Net Ethercon connector
Internal Hard disk drive
Internal CDRW drive
Internal ZIP drive
USB ports for Wholehog wings and external touchscreens
Real time clock
Desklights, feedback LEDs, and integrated worklight all dimmable
Auto-ranging mains input (90-250VAC)
Visualizer Console Edition dongles included
Dust cover included
Custom Road Case included
Connectivity
Unlimited number of DMX channels via Ethernet DPs
MIDI Input and Output, MIDI Show Control and MIDI Time Code
Single LTC input via USB Timecode Widget
Connectivity with many visualizers via Ethernet
Wired and wireless networking ability with multiple Wholehog console systems
Remote Focus capabilities when networked with a tablet PC running Hog 3PC software
Supports USB Playback and Expansion Wings
2009年1月17日星期六
Understanding LED Lights
LEDs may be little, but new high-brightness models are producing a considerable amount of light.
First used as status and indicator lamps, and more recently in under-shelf illumination, accent lighting, and directional marking applications, high-brightness LEDs have emerged within the last six years. But only recently have they been seriously looked upon as a feasible option in general purpose lighting applications. Before you recommend or install this type of lighting system, you should understand the basic technology upon which these devices are based.
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are solid-state devices that convert electric energy directly into light of a single color. Because they employ “cold” light generation technology, in which most of the energy is delivered in the visible spectrum, LEDs don't waste energy in the form of non-light producing heat. In comparison, most of the energy in an incandescent lamp is in the infrared (or non-visible) portion of the spectrum. As a result, both fluorescent and HID lamps produce a great deal of heat. In addition to producing cold light,
LEDs:
Can be powered from a portable battery pack or even a solar array.
Can be integrated into a control system.
Are small in size and resistant to vibration and shock.
Have a very fast “on-time” (60 nsec vs 10 msec for an incandescent lamp).
Have good color resolution and present low, or no, shock hazard.
The centerpiece of a typical LED is a diode that is chip-mounted in a reflector cup and held in place by a mild steel lead frame connected to a pair of electrical wires. The entire arrangement is then encapsulated in epoxy. The diode chip is generally about 0.25 mm square. When current flows across the junction of two different materials, light is produced from within the solid crystal chip. The shape, or width, of the emitted light beam is determined by a variety of factors: the shape of the reflector cup, the size of the LED chip, the shape of the epoxy lens and the distance between the LED chip and the epoxy lens. The composition of the materials determines the wavelength and color of light. In addition to visible wavelengths, LEDs are also available in infrared wavelengths, from 830 nm to 940 nm.
The definition of “life” varies from industry to industry. The useful life for a semiconductor is defined as the calculated time for the light level to decline to 50% of its original value. For the lighting industry, the average life of a particular lamp type is the point where 50% of the lamps in a representative group have burned out. The life of an LED depends on its packaging configuration, drive current, and operating environment. A high ambient temperature greatly shortens an LED's life.
Additionally, LEDs now cover the entire light spectrum, including red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and white. Although colored light is useful for more creative installations, white light remains the holy grail of LED technology. Until a true white is possible, researchers have developed three ways to deliver it:
Blend the beams. This technique involves mixing the light from multiple single-color devices. (Typically red, blue, and green.) Adjusting the beams' relative intensity yields the desired color.
Provide a phosphor coating. When energized photons from a blue LED strike a phosphor coating, it will emit light as a mixture of wavelengths to produce a white color.
Create a light sandwich. Blue light from one LED device elicits orange light from an adjacent layer of a different material. The complementary colors mix to produce white. Of the three methods, the phosphor approach appears to be the most promising technology.
Another shortcoming of early LED designs was light output, so researchers have been working on several methods for increasing lumens per watt. A new “doping” technique increases light output several times over compared to earlier generations of LEDs. Other methods under development include:
Producing larger semiconductors.
Passing larger currents with better heat extraction.
Designing a different shape for the device.
Improving light conversion efficiency.
Packaging several LEDs within a single epoxy dome.
One family of LEDs may already be closer to improved light output. Devices with enlarged chips produce more light while maintaining proper heat and current management. These advances allow the units to generate 10 times to 20 times more light than standard indicator lights, making them a practical illumination source for lighting fixtures.
Before LEDs can enter the general illumination market, designers and advocates of the technology must overcome several problems, including the usual obstacles to mainstream market adoption: Industry-accepted standards must be developed and costs must be reduced. But more specific issues remain. Things like lumen-per-watt efficacy and color consistency must be improved, and reliability and lumen maintenance should be addressed. Nevertheless, LEDs are well on their way to becoming a viable lighting alternative.
First used as status and indicator lamps, and more recently in under-shelf illumination, accent lighting, and directional marking applications, high-brightness LEDs have emerged within the last six years. But only recently have they been seriously looked upon as a feasible option in general purpose lighting applications. Before you recommend or install this type of lighting system, you should understand the basic technology upon which these devices are based.
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are solid-state devices that convert electric energy directly into light of a single color. Because they employ “cold” light generation technology, in which most of the energy is delivered in the visible spectrum, LEDs don't waste energy in the form of non-light producing heat. In comparison, most of the energy in an incandescent lamp is in the infrared (or non-visible) portion of the spectrum. As a result, both fluorescent and HID lamps produce a great deal of heat. In addition to producing cold light,
LEDs:
Can be powered from a portable battery pack or even a solar array.
Can be integrated into a control system.
Are small in size and resistant to vibration and shock.
Have a very fast “on-time” (60 nsec vs 10 msec for an incandescent lamp).
Have good color resolution and present low, or no, shock hazard.
The centerpiece of a typical LED is a diode that is chip-mounted in a reflector cup and held in place by a mild steel lead frame connected to a pair of electrical wires. The entire arrangement is then encapsulated in epoxy. The diode chip is generally about 0.25 mm square. When current flows across the junction of two different materials, light is produced from within the solid crystal chip. The shape, or width, of the emitted light beam is determined by a variety of factors: the shape of the reflector cup, the size of the LED chip, the shape of the epoxy lens and the distance between the LED chip and the epoxy lens. The composition of the materials determines the wavelength and color of light. In addition to visible wavelengths, LEDs are also available in infrared wavelengths, from 830 nm to 940 nm.
The definition of “life” varies from industry to industry. The useful life for a semiconductor is defined as the calculated time for the light level to decline to 50% of its original value. For the lighting industry, the average life of a particular lamp type is the point where 50% of the lamps in a representative group have burned out. The life of an LED depends on its packaging configuration, drive current, and operating environment. A high ambient temperature greatly shortens an LED's life.
Additionally, LEDs now cover the entire light spectrum, including red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and white. Although colored light is useful for more creative installations, white light remains the holy grail of LED technology. Until a true white is possible, researchers have developed three ways to deliver it:
Blend the beams. This technique involves mixing the light from multiple single-color devices. (Typically red, blue, and green.) Adjusting the beams' relative intensity yields the desired color.
Provide a phosphor coating. When energized photons from a blue LED strike a phosphor coating, it will emit light as a mixture of wavelengths to produce a white color.
Create a light sandwich. Blue light from one LED device elicits orange light from an adjacent layer of a different material. The complementary colors mix to produce white. Of the three methods, the phosphor approach appears to be the most promising technology.
Another shortcoming of early LED designs was light output, so researchers have been working on several methods for increasing lumens per watt. A new “doping” technique increases light output several times over compared to earlier generations of LEDs. Other methods under development include:
Producing larger semiconductors.
Passing larger currents with better heat extraction.
Designing a different shape for the device.
Improving light conversion efficiency.
Packaging several LEDs within a single epoxy dome.
One family of LEDs may already be closer to improved light output. Devices with enlarged chips produce more light while maintaining proper heat and current management. These advances allow the units to generate 10 times to 20 times more light than standard indicator lights, making them a practical illumination source for lighting fixtures.
Before LEDs can enter the general illumination market, designers and advocates of the technology must overcome several problems, including the usual obstacles to mainstream market adoption: Industry-accepted standards must be developed and costs must be reduced. But more specific issues remain. Things like lumen-per-watt efficacy and color consistency must be improved, and reliability and lumen maintenance should be addressed. Nevertheless, LEDs are well on their way to becoming a viable lighting alternative.
The PAR64 for Entertainment Lighting
.) Introduction The PAR64 (or Par Can) is one of the most common and most useful lighting fixtures used today, for stage, studio and entertainment lighting applications. The fixture is lightweight and simple in design and construction. It is also economical to manufacture and easy to maintain. The fixture uses one of several different incandescent PAR lamps to provide an efficient spotlighting package. Both 120 and 240 volt versions exist, making the PAR64 a truly universal luminaire available and used throughout the world.
2.) PAR Lamps
The PAR lamp (or Parabolic Aluminized Reflector) is simply a sealed beam type of lamp, similar to an automotive headlight. This efficient lighting package has the base, filament, reflector and lens all optically aligned and sealed into a single lamp. PAR lamps are manufactured in several different diameters wattages and beam spreads for a wide variety of applications. Common sizes include the PAR36, 38, 46, 56, and 64. PAR lamps are commonly available in wattages from about 50 to 1000 watts in both 120 and 240 volt versions. For professional entertainment lighting applications it is usually the largest of the PAR lamps, the 1000 watt PAR64, that is used almost exclusively
You can determine the diameter (in inches) of any PAR lamp by simply dividing the PAR number by 8. Example what is the diameter of a PAR56? Answer: 56 divided by 8 = 7 inches.
Although PAR lamps are also available in various HID (high intensity discharge) versions it is only the tungsten halogen lamp that is used for most stage lighting applications. The tungsten halogen lamp is still the only practical source that may be continuously dimmed and that has a continuous color spectrum with good lumen maintenance.
3.) PAR64 Fixtures
The typical PAR64 fixture used for entertainment lighting applications consists of a simple cylindrical (steel or aluminum) lamp housing, with an open front and a sealed back. The steel units are generally more durable and are usually painted black. The aluminum units are lighter in weight and are generally preferred for touring applications or where a high-tech look is needed.
A mounting yoke and pipe clamp are attached to allow the fixture to pan, tilt and lock into any position. The lamp plugs directly into an integral socket mounted inside the housing and is retained with 'clips' or a retaining ring. Units for the entertainment industry are generally considered to be 'portable', and usually have a short (36") power cord and connector attached.
Typical Specification:
Luminaire type: PAR64 spotlight,
Standard finishes: Steel (black) or natural aluminum or polished chrome
Accessories: C-clamp, color frame (10" x 10"), safety cable and wire mesh screen
Notes: Lamp rotates from rear of unit
Lamp: PAR64-1000 - vnsp, nsp, mfl or vwfl
Manufacturers of PAR64 luminaires include; Altman. Strand, Thomas, and many others. PAR64 fixtures are also available for architectural applications and come in many different shapes and sizes. Some resemble the theatrical Par Can (above). Other units may be spherical or cylindrical in shape. Custom fixture colors are often used for architectural lighting applications. Architectural PAR fixtures are available from a wide range of manufacturers. 4.) Stage & Studio PAR lamps
Of the many available PAR lamps, it is the 1000 watt, PAR64 tungsten halogen lamp that is used most often for entertainment lighting applications. This lamp has an 8 inch lens diameter and is available in 4 different beam spreads from a very narrow spot to a wide flood. The beam pattern of the PAR64 is oval (not round) and is usually aligned by rotating the lamp socket at the rear of the fixture. In addition to their oval beam, PAR64's are often are usually characterized by their 'splashy' beam with a hot 'punchy' center. They have a soft outside beam edge and produce considerable wide flare.
Most tungsten halogen PAR64 lamps have a life of 800 hours and a color temperature of 3200 degrees. Higher output (and higher color temperature) lamps - with lower life, are also available for special lighting applications. Standard 120 and 240 volt PAR lamps are available from all the major manufacturers (including General Electric, Osram Sylvania, Philips etc) and are part of their STAGE and STUDIO line.
5.) Lighting Applications
For entertainment lighting applications PAR64 fixtures are particularly suited to area lighting and other applications where 'flare' from the lamp is not of great concern. As they provide a beam with a soft edge they should be used for appropriate lighting applications only. The oval beam can often be used to advantage, providing a wider beam spread in one direction or the other. PAR64's are also very effective when used with saturated color filters as this often tends to help mask or reduce the flare. They make effective acting area lights, wash lights, back lights and down lights for a variety of different entertainment lighting applications.
Because of the high degree of flare from these fixtures, the PAR64 is not commonly used for lighting applications where a high degree of control is required. They are not appropriate where very isolated lighting is needed or in close proximity to scenery or drapery. They are however particularly effective for applications where a small, inexpensive, lightweight and efficient luminaire is required and where a soft edge and wide flare is not of major concern.
For architectural lighting applications the PAR64 is particularly well suited to the lighting of three dimensional objects and sculptures. PAR64's can also be used to provide 'pools' of light on a floor or 'shafts' of downlight against a wall.
There are really no accessories for the PAR64 fixture. Sometimes a 'top hat' will be added to the color frame holder to help reduce flare. This also tends to narrow the beam slightly, depending on the length of the tube.
2009年1月16日星期五
Name:2500W Follow Spot
Item:FS2500
Technical parameter
◇Power: AC110V-240V/50Hz-60Hz
◇Lamp: HMI 2500W
◇Color Temperature: 5600K
◇Cast distance120m◇Offering great optical performance and widely zooming feature, ideal color
◇Temperature and high Ra index because of adopting a wide-angle reflecting bowl
◇Full-aluminum alloy construction is compact in size and light in weight
◇Heat-dispersed system which containing of a group of powerful fans guarantees
the fixture working under the safe, continuous and steady
◇The equipment is usually used in the stage performance, theater, film or gym etc
for highlighting the main role or objects
◇Size: 149 X 33.5 X 48 cm
◇Weight: 34 KG Power case: 28 KG
Item:FS2500
Technical parameter
◇Power: AC110V-240V/50Hz-60Hz
◇Lamp: HMI 2500W
◇Color Temperature: 5600K
◇Cast distance120m◇Offering great optical performance and widely zooming feature, ideal color
◇Temperature and high Ra index because of adopting a wide-angle reflecting bowl
◇Full-aluminum alloy construction is compact in size and light in weight
◇Heat-dispersed system which containing of a group of powerful fans guarantees
the fixture working under the safe, continuous and steady
◇The equipment is usually used in the stage performance, theater, film or gym etc
for highlighting the main role or objects
◇Size: 149 X 33.5 X 48 cm
◇Weight: 34 KG Power case: 28 KG
Outdoor Light - Search Light
Technical parameter
Voltage: AC110V-240V/50Hz-60Hz
Power: 3000W (can order)
Lamp: Xenon 3000W
Intensity of electricity resistance: 1.5kv
Insulation resistance: >2 MΩ
Control mode: stand-alone mode
Color effect: white, red, blue, green, yellow are optional
Adjustment angle: horizontal 360º, clockwise and wither shins continuous rotating,vertical:45º
Dimmer: orientation function
Light beam angle: 0.6-0.8º
Protection level: IP54
Range: 5-7km
Size: 126 X 126 X 147 cm
Voltage: AC110V-240V/50Hz-60Hz
Power: 3000W (can order)
Lamp: Xenon 3000W
Intensity of electricity resistance: 1.5kv
Insulation resistance: >2 MΩ
Control mode: stand-alone mode
Color effect: white, red, blue, green, yellow are optional
Adjustment angle: horizontal 360º, clockwise and wither shins continuous rotating,vertical:45º
Dimmer: orientation function
Light beam angle: 0.6-0.8º
Protection level: IP54
Range: 5-7km
Size: 126 X 126 X 147 cm
250W Roll San Light GPR2501
Name:250W Roll San Light
Item:GPR2501
Technical parameter
Description:
◇Voltage: AC110V-240V/50Hz-60Hz
◇Power: 250W◇Lamp: MSD 250W
◇Control channels: 7CH◇Control signal: DMX 512
◇Mechanical linear dimmer, 1-7 times/s high speed strobe effect
Item:GPR2501
Technical parameter
Description:
◇Voltage: AC110V-240V/50Hz-60Hz
◇Power: 250W◇Lamp: MSD 250W
◇Control channels: 7CH◇Control signal: DMX 512
◇Mechanical linear dimmer, 1-7 times/s high speed strobe effect
◇1 color wheel, 7main colors + white light, achieving high speed
single way rainbow and scrolling effect
◇1 gobo wheel, 7rotating gobo +1white, the revolving gobos can
be freely tuned forward or backward, quickly or slowly
◇Pan 180° scanning range, smooth scanning action and accurate
orientation, precise adjustment on horizontal and vertical position
◇According to kinds of safety standards, IP20 protect grades◇Size: 66 X 36 X 27.2 cm
◇N.W: 9 KG G.W: 11 KG
single way rainbow and scrolling effect
◇1 gobo wheel, 7rotating gobo +1white, the revolving gobos can
be freely tuned forward or backward, quickly or slowly
◇Pan 180° scanning range, smooth scanning action and accurate
orientation, precise adjustment on horizontal and vertical position
◇According to kinds of safety standards, IP20 protect grades◇Size: 66 X 36 X 27.2 cm
◇N.W: 9 KG G.W: 11 KG
LED Moving Head Spot
² LED Moving Head Spot
² Item:GP36SPOT
² Description:
² Technical parameterVoltage: AC90V-240V/50Hz-60Hz
² Lamp: 1W LED red12pcs, green12pcs, blue12pcs (can order)
² Control Channels: 11CH
² Control Signal: DMX 512
² Beam angle: 15°- 25°
² Rated life: 100,000 hours, low ower consumption
² Color: infinite RGB color mixing p
² Dimmer & Strobe: high speed electronic strobe reaches 1-18 times/secondWide range super micro smooth scanning,
² horizontal scanning angle reaches 540º and vertical 265º
² the scanning precision reaches 8bit and 16bit,
² with smooth and precise positioning,additionally, the scanning speed is adjustableTotal light adjustment control channel can control 3 main color channels simultaneouslyThe digital display on the control panel can be reversed for 180º
² applicable for horizontal or vertical use of moving head
² Size: 37 X 36 X 45 cm
² N.W.: 7.3 KG G.W.: 7.6 KG
² Item:GP36SPOT
² Description:
² Technical parameterVoltage: AC90V-240V/50Hz-60Hz
² Lamp: 1W LED red12pcs, green12pcs, blue12pcs (can order)
² Control Channels: 11CH
² Control Signal: DMX 512
² Beam angle: 15°- 25°
² Rated life: 100,000 hours, low ower consumption
² Color: infinite RGB color mixing p
² Dimmer & Strobe: high speed electronic strobe reaches 1-18 times/secondWide range super micro smooth scanning,
² horizontal scanning angle reaches 540º and vertical 265º
² the scanning precision reaches 8bit and 16bit,
² with smooth and precise positioning,additionally, the scanning speed is adjustableTotal light adjustment control channel can control 3 main color channels simultaneouslyThe digital display on the control panel can be reversed for 180º
² applicable for horizontal or vertical use of moving head
² Size: 37 X 36 X 45 cm
² N.W.: 7.3 KG G.W.: 7.6 KG
moving head GP3000
1200w Moving Head
Item:GP3000SPOT
Description
Technical Parameter◇Voltage: AC110V-240V/50Hz-60Hz◇Lamp: HMI 1200W/S
◇Ballast: Induction Ballast 、
Electronic Ballast（can order）◇Control channels: 32 CH
◇Control signal: DMX 512
◇Control panel can control on/off of lamp, Blue/white LCD graphic
◇Full range dimming and variable strobo effect ◇1 color wheel, 6 replaceable slot&lock colours plus 1 white light
◇Achieving high speed single way rainbow and scrolling effect
◇2 gobo wheel, 6 rotating, indexable, replaceable slot&lock dichroic
glass gobos plus 1 white light each
◇The revolving gobos can be freely tuned forward or backward,
quickly or slowly
◇1 effect wheel, 4 rotating, indexable, replaceable slot&lock prisms and
effects plus 1 white light
◇Pan 530° and Tilt 280° scanning range, smooth scanning action and
accurate orientation
◇Pan Tilt with 8 or 16bit resolution, Gobo indexing and prism with 8 or 16bit
◇Focus 2M to infinity, Controllable linear variation 13 to 42 zoon lens unit
◇Maximum ambient temperature : 40°C, Maximum surface temperature: 135°C
◇According to kinds of safety standards, IP20 protect grades◇Size: 88 X 55 X 64 cm
◇N.W.: 41 KG G.W.: 45 KG
Item:GP3000SPOT
Description
Technical Parameter◇Voltage: AC110V-240V/50Hz-60Hz◇Lamp: HMI 1200W/S
◇Ballast: Induction Ballast 、
Electronic Ballast（can order）◇Control channels: 32 CH
◇Control signal: DMX 512
◇Control panel can control on/off of lamp, Blue/white LCD graphic
◇Full range dimming and variable strobo effect ◇1 color wheel, 6 replaceable slot&lock colours plus 1 white light
◇Achieving high speed single way rainbow and scrolling effect
◇2 gobo wheel, 6 rotating, indexable, replaceable slot&lock dichroic
glass gobos plus 1 white light each
◇The revolving gobos can be freely tuned forward or backward,
quickly or slowly
◇1 effect wheel, 4 rotating, indexable, replaceable slot&lock prisms and
effects plus 1 white light
◇Pan 530° and Tilt 280° scanning range, smooth scanning action and
accurate orientation
◇Pan Tilt with 8 or 16bit resolution, Gobo indexing and prism with 8 or 16bit
◇Focus 2M to infinity, Controllable linear variation 13 to 42 zoon lens unit
◇Maximum ambient temperature : 40°C, Maximum surface temperature: 135°C
◇According to kinds of safety standards, IP20 protect grades◇Size: 88 X 55 X 64 cm
◇N.W.: 41 KG G.W.: 45 KG
Components of Lighting Instruments
1,Box/Housing/Can/Case
2,Lens or opening
3,Reflector
4,Yoke
5,C-clamp or Hook Clamp
6,Lamp or arc source
7,Accessories
About Grand Plan
GRAND PLAN INT'L ELECTRON STAGE EQUIPMENT LIMITED COMPANY came to the world. GUANGZHOU MINGFENG LIGHTING EQUIPMENT FACTORY, belongs to GRAND PLAN INT'L ELECTRON STAGE EQUIPMENT LIMITED COMPANY, is an integrated technical enterprise dealing with lighting R&D, manufacturer, distribution and service. Our main brand-Grand Plan series products includes: Moving head, Color wash, LED lights and Outdoor lighting equipment. Rely on the advanced technique, high quality, reliable capability and excellent service; our company enjoys a good reputation both at home and broad. "Grand Plan" series productions are widely used in TV stations, large-scaled activities, theatrical performance, opera theater,entertaining parties and discos, etc.
Our company introduces the innovative concept of science and technology, adopts the modernized management model, and brings out high quality product. With the great efforts of Grand Plan, offering the perfect after service, getting the customers' satisfactory effect of the stage, improving the self-worth of own brand in order to create the prosperity of the light industry.
In future, Grand Plan will put a great deal of time and energy into the development of product, the expanding of market, the service of customer, and so forth .We are striving for a international brand. Hope there is a world of light & simulacrum, which is created by you and me.
Our company introduces the innovative concept of science and technology, adopts the modernized management model, and brings out high quality product. With the great efforts of Grand Plan, offering the perfect after service, getting the customers' satisfactory effect of the stage, improving the self-worth of own brand in order to create the prosperity of the light industry.
In future, Grand Plan will put a great deal of time and energy into the development of product, the expanding of market, the service of customer, and so forth .We are striving for a international brand. Hope there is a world of light & simulacrum, which is created by you and me.
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